Fluke, or, I Know Why the Winged Whale Sings Chapter 14

CHAPTER FOURTEEN Down to the Harbor Down to the harbor they went – past the condos, the cane fields, the golf course, the Burger King, the Buddhist cemetery with its great green Buddha blissed out by the sea, past the steak houses, the tourist traps, the old guy riding down Front Street on a girl's bike with a macaw perched on his head – down to the harbor they went. They waved to the researchers at the fuel dock, nodded to the haglets at the charter booths, shakaed the divemasters and the captains, and schlepped science stuff down the dock to start their day. Tako Man stood in the back of his boat eating a breakfast of rice and octopus as the Maui Whale crew – Clay, Quinn, Kona, and Amy – passed by. He was a strong, compact Malaysian with long hair and a stringy soul-patch beard that, along with the bone fishhooks he wore in his ears, gave him the distinct aspect of a pirate. He was one of the black-coral divers who lived in the harbor, and this morning, as always, he wore his wet suit. â€Å"Hey, Tako,† Clay said. The diver glanced up from his bowl. His eyes looked as if someone had poured shots of blood into them. Kona noticed that the small octopus in the diver's bowl was still moving, and he scampered down the dock feeling a case of the creeps fluttering to life in his spinal cord. â€Å"Nightwalkers, gray ones, on your boat last night. I seen them,† said Tako Man. â€Å"Not the first time.† â€Å"Good to know,† said Clay, patronizing the diver and moving down the dock. You had to keep peace with anyone who lived in the harbor, especially the black-coral divers, who lived far over the edge of what most people would consider normal life. They shot heroin, drank heavily, spent all day doing bounce dives to two hundred feet looking for the gemstone-valuable black coral, then spent their money on weeklong parties that had, more than once, ended with one of them dead on the dock. They lived on their boats and ate rice and whatever they could pull out of the sea. Tako Man had gotten his name because on any given afternoon, after the divers came in for the day, you'd see the grizzled Malaysian carrying a net bag full of tako (octopus) that he had speared on the reef for their supper. â€Å"Hi,† Amy said sheepishly to Tako Man as they passed. He glared at her through his bloody haze, and his head bobbed as he almost nodded out into his breakfast. Amy quickened her pace and ran a Pelican case she was carrying into the back of Quinn's thigh. â€Å"Jeez, Amy,† Quinn said, having almost lost his footing. â€Å"Do those guys dive in that condition?† Amy whispered, still sticking to Quinn like a shadow. â€Å"Worse than that. Would you back up a little?† â€Å"He's scary. You're supposed to protect me, ya mook. How do they keep from getting into trouble?† â€Å"They lose one or two a year. Ironically, it's usually an overdose that gets them.† â€Å"Tough job.† â€Å"They're tough guys.† Tako Man shouted, â€Å"Fuck you, whale people! You'll see. Fucking nightwalker fuckers. Fucking fuck you, haole motherfuckers!† He tossed the remains of his breakfast at them. It landed overboard, and tiny fish broke the water fighting for the scraps. â€Å"Rum,† said Kona. â€Å"Too much hostility in dat buzz. Rum come from da cane, and cane come from slavin' the people, and dat oppression all distilled in de bottle and come out a man mean as cat shit on a day.† â€Å"Yeah,† said Clay to Quinn. â€Å"Didn't you know that about rum?† â€Å"Where's your boat?† asked Quinn. â€Å"My boat?† â€Å"Your boat, Clay,† said Amy. â€Å"No,† said Clay. He stopped and dropped two cases of camera equipment on the dock. The Always Confused, the spiny and powerful twenty-two-foot Grady White center-console fisherman, Clay's pride and joy, was gone. A life jacket, a water bottle, and various other familiar flotsam bobbed gently in a rainbow slick of gasoline where the boat had once been. Everyone thought someone else should say something, but for a full minute no one did. They just stood there, staring at what should have been Clay's boat but instead was a big, boatless gob of tropical air. â€Å"Poop,† Amy finally said, saying it for all of them. â€Å"We should check with the harbormaster,† said Nate. â€Å"My boat,† said Clay, who stood over the empty slip as if it were his recently run-over boyhood dog. He would have nuzzled it and stroked its little dead doggy ears if he could have, but instead he fished the oily life jacket out of the water and sat on the dock rocking it. â€Å"He really liked that boat,† Amy said. â€Å"Can I get a duh for the sistah?† exclaimed the dreaded blond kid. â€Å"I paid the insurance,† Nate said as he moved away, headed for the harbormaster. Tako Man had come down the dock from his own boat to stare at the empty water. Somber now. Amy backed up into Kona for protection, but Kona had backed up into the next person behind him, which turned out to be Captain Tarwater, resplendent in his navy whites and newly Kona-scuffed shoes. â€Å"Irie, ice cream man.† â€Å"You're on my shoes.† â€Å"What happened?† asked Cliff Hyland, coming down the dock behind the captain. â€Å"Clay's boat's gone,† said Amy. Cliff moved up and put his hand on Clay's shoulder. â€Å"Maybe someone just borrowed it.† Clay nodded, acknowledging that Cliff was trying to comfort him, but comfort fell like sandwiches on the recently bombed. By the time Quinn returned from the harbormaster's office with a Maui cop in tow, there were a half dozen biologists, three black-coral divers, and a couple from Minnesota who were taking pictures of the whole thing, thinking that this would be something they would want to remember if they ever found out what was happening. As the cop approached, the black-coral divers faded to the edges of the crowd and away. Jon Thomas Fuller, the scientist/entrepreneur who was accompanied by three of his cute female naturalists, stepped up beside Quinn. â€Å"This is just horrible, Nate. Just horrible. That boat represented a major capital investment for you guys, I'm sure.† â€Å"Yeah, but mainly we liked to think of it as something that floated and moved us around on the water.† Nate actually had a great capacity for sarcasm, but he usually reserved it for those things and people he found truly irritating. Jon Thomas Fuller was truly irritating. â€Å"Going to be tough to replace it.† â€Å"We'll manage. It was insured.† â€Å"You might want to get something bigger this time. I know there's a measure of safety working off of these sixty-five-footers we have, but also with the cabin you can set up computers, bow cameras, a lot of things that aren't really possible on little speedboats. A good-size boat would add a lot of legitimacy to your operation.† â€Å"We sort of decided to go with the legitimacy we get from doing credible research, Jon Thomas.† â€Å"We didn't make those figures up.† Fuller caught himself raising his voice. The cop interviewing Clay looked over his shoulder, and Fuller lowered his tone. â€Å"That was just professional jealousy on the part of our detractors.† â€Å"Your detractors were the facts. What did you expect when your paper concluded that humpbacks actually enjoyed being struck by Jet Skis?† â€Å"Some do.† Fuller pushed back his pith helmet and ventured a smile of sincerity, which collapsed under its own weight. â€Å"What's your angle, Jon Thomas?† â€Å"Nate, I can get you a boat like ours, with all the trimmings, and an operating budget, and you'd just have to do one little project for me. One season of work, maximum. And your operation can keep the boat, sell it, do whatever you want.† Unless Fuller was about to ask him to shove him off the dock into the oily water, Quinn pretty much knew he was going to turn down the offer, but he had to ask. Those were really nice boats. â€Å"Make your proposal.† â€Å"I need you to put your name on a study that says that human-dolphin interaction facilities are not harmful to the animals, and do a study that says that building one at La Perouse Bay wouldn't have a negative impact on the environment. Then I'd need you to stand up at the appropriate meetings and make the case.† â€Å"I'm not your guy, Jon Thomas. First, I'm not a dolphin guy, and you know that.† Nate avoided adding what he wanted to say, which was Second, you are a feckless weasel out to make a buck without any consideration for science or the animals you study. Instead he said, â€Å"There are dozens of people doing studies on captive dolphins. Why don't you go to them?† â€Å"I have the animal study. You don't have to do the study. I just want your name on it.† â€Å"Won't the people who actually did the study have some objection to that?† â€Å"No. They'll be fine with it. I need your name and your presence, Nate.† â€Å"I don't think so. I can't see myself testifying before impact committees and county planning boards.† â€Å"Okay, fair enough. Clay or Amy can do the stand-ups. Just put your name on the paper and do the environmental impact study. I need the credibility of your name.† â€Å"Which I won't have as soon as I let you use me. I'm sorry, but my name is all I really have to show for twenty-five years of work. I can't sell it out, even for a really nice boat.† â€Å"Oh, right, the nobility of starvation. Fuck that, Nate, and fuck your high ideals. I'm doing more for these animals by exposing the public to them than you'll do in a lifetime of graphing out songs and recording behavior. And before you retire to your ivory tower on the ethical high ground, you'd better take a good look at your people. That kid is a common thief, and no one has ever heard of your precious new assistant.† Fuller turned and signaled to his chorus line of whalettes that they were going to their boat. Quinn looked for Amy, saw her on the other side of the cop who was talking to Clay, helping him fill in details. He ran up behind Fuller, grabbed the smaller man's arm, and spun him around. â€Å"What are you talking about? Amy studied at Woods Hole, with Tyack and Loughten.† â€Å"That right? Well, maybe you'd better give them a call and ask them. Because they've never heard of her. Despite what you think, I do my research, Nate. Do you? Now, get back to your one-boat operation, would you.† â€Å"If I find out you had anything to do with this†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Fuller wrenched his arm out of Quinn's grip and grinned. â€Å"Right, you'll what? Become more irrelevant? Screw you, Nate.† â€Å"What did you say?† But Fuller ignored him and boarded his million-dollar research vessel, while Quinn skulked back down the dock to his friends. Oily flotsam seemed to be losing its allure, however, and the crowd had dispersed somewhat, leaving only Amy, Clay, the cop, and the couple from Minnesota. â€Å"You. You're somebody aren't you?† asked the woman as Nate walked up. â€Å"Honey, this guy is someone. I remember seeing him on the Discovery Channel. Get my picture with him.† â€Å"Who is he?† said  «honey » as his wife took Nate by the arm and posed like he'd just handed her a check. â€Å"I don't know, one of those ocean guys,† she said through a grin, acting as if she were posing with one of the carved statues that decorated doorways around Lahaina. â€Å"Just take the picture.† â€Å"Are you one of those Cousteau fellas?† â€Å"Oui,† said Nate. â€Å"Now I muss speak with my good fren' Sylvia Earle,† he continued in his French-by-way-of-British-Columbia-and-Northern-California fake accent as he went over to Amy. â€Å"I need to talk to you.† â€Å"Sylvia Earle! She's a National Geographic person. Get their picture together, honey.† â€Å"He's lying, Nathan,† Amy said. â€Å"You can check if you want. It was all on the resume I gave to Clay.† She didn't appear angry, just hurt, betrayed perhaps. Her eyes were huge and teary, and she was starting to look vaguely like one of those creepy Keane sad-eyed-kid pictures. Quinn felt like he'd just smacked a bag of kittens against a truck bumper. â€Å"I know,† he said. â€Å"I'm sorry. I just†¦ well, Jon Thomas is an asshole. I let him get to me.† â€Å"It's okay,† Amy sniffed. â€Å"It's just†¦ just†¦ I've worked so hard.† â€Å"I don't need to check, Amy. You do good work. My fault for doubting you. Let's get Clay squared away and get to work.† He tentatively put his arm around her and walked her back to where Clay was finishing up his interview with the cop. Clay saw the tear tracks down Amy's face and immediately took her in his arms and pressed her head to his shoulder. â€Å"I know, honey. I know. It was a great boat, but it was just a boat. We'll get another one.† â€Å"Where's Kona?† Nate asked. â€Å"He was around here a second ago,† said Clay. Just then Nate's cell phone rang. He worked it out of his shirt pocket and answered it. â€Å"Nathan, it's me,† said the Old Broad. Nate covered the mouthpiece. â€Å"It's the Old Broad,† Nate said to Clay. â€Å"Amy, you go round up Kona while I finish up with the officer, okay?† Clay said. Amy nodded and was off down the dock. Clay turned back to the officer. The Old Broad went on, â€Å"Nathan, I spoke to that big male again today, and he definitely wants you to take a hot pastrami on rye with you when you go out. He said it's very important.† â€Å"I'm sure it is, Elizabeth, but I'm not sure we're even going out today. Something's happened to Clay's boat. It's gone.† â€Å"Oh, my, he must be distraught. I'll come down and look after him, but you have to get out in the channel today. I just feel it's very important.† â€Å"I don't think you'll need to come down, Elizabeth. Clay will manage.† â€Å"Well, if you say so, but you have to promise me you'll go out today.† â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"And you'll take a pastrami on rye for that big male.† â€Å"I'll try, Elizabeth. I have to go now, Clay needs me for something.† â€Å"With Swiss cheese and hot mustard!† the Old Broad said as Nate disconnected. Clay thanked the policeman, who nodded to Quinn as he walked off. Even the couple from Minnesota had moved on, and only Clay and Quinn were left on the dock. â€Å"Where are the kids?† asked Nate, cringing at the whole idea: he and Clay, the middle-aged couple being responsible and boring while the kids went off to play and have adventures. â€Å"I asked Amy to find Kona. They could be anywhere.† â€Å"Clay, I need to ask you something before they get back.† â€Å"Shoot.† â€Å"Did you check any of Amy's references before you hired her? I mean, did you call anyone? Woods Hole? Her undergrad school – what was it?† â€Å"Cornell. Nope. She was smart, she was cute, she seemed to know what she was talking about, and she said she'd work for free. The bona fides looked good on paper. Gift horse, Nate.† â€Å"Jon Thomas Fuller said that he checked and that no one at Woods Hole has heard of her.† â€Å"Fuller's an asshole. Look, I don't really care if she finished high school. The kid has proven herself. She's got balls.† â€Å"Still, maybe I should call Tyack. Just in case.† â€Å"If you need to. Call him this afternoon when you get back in.† â€Å"I'm sure Fuller was just yanking my chain. He tried to offer us a boat like his if we backed his dolphin-park project.† â€Å"And you turned him down?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"But those are really nice boats. Our armada has been reduced by fifty percent. Our nautical resources have declined by more than one-half. Our boatage is deficient by point five.† â€Å"What's up?† Amy said. She'd come back down the dock and seemed to have shaken off her earlier melancholy. â€Å"Clay's being scientific. Fuller offered us a sixty-foot research vessel like his, with operating budget, if we back his dolphin project.† â€Å"Do I have to sleep with him?† â€Å"We haven't put that on the table,† Clay said, â€Å"but I'll bet we could get a sonar array if you're enthusiastic.† â€Å"Hell, Nate, take it,† Amy said. â€Å"It would mean selling out my credibility,† said Quinn, appalled at what total whores his colleagues had become. â€Å"We'd be going over to the dark side.† Amy shrugged. â€Å"Those are really nice boats.† The corner of her mouth twitched as if she was trying not to grin, and Nate realized that she was probably goofing on him. â€Å"Yeah,† said Clay. â€Å"Nice.† Clay was goofing, too. He'd be all right. Nate shook his head, looking as if he were fighting disbelief, but actually he was trying to shake the memory of his dream of driving a big cabin cruiser through the streets of Seattle with Amy displayed as the bikinied figurehead. â€Å"If you're okay, Clay, we really should get out before the wind comes up.† â€Å"Go,† Clay said. â€Å"I'll get the police report for the insurance company.† To Amy he said, â€Å"You find Kona?† â€Å"He's down there with that Tako guy.† â€Å"What's he doing down there?† â€Å"It looked like he was building a saxophone. I didn't go close.† Quinn strode down the dock and looked to where Kona was talking with Tako Man. â€Å"No, that's his bong. It breaks down for easy portage.† â€Å"What's a bong?† â€Å"Cute, Amy. Help me get the equipment in the boat.† Suddenly Kona started shouting and running down the dock toward them. â€Å"Bwanas! I found the boat!† Clay perked up. â€Å"Where?† â€Å"Right there. Tako Man says it's right there. He dove down there this morning.† Kona was pointing to a patch of murky jade green water in the center of the harbor. Jade green because of all the waste flushed from the live-aboards, as well as the bait, fish guts, seasickness, and bird poop that went into the water faster than the scavengers could clean it out, and so it caused a perpetual algae bloom. â€Å"My boat,† said Clay, looking forlornly at the empty water. Amy stepped up and put her arm around Clay's shoulders to resume stage-two comfort. â€Å"He dove in that water?† â€Å"The nightwalkers sank it, Bwana Clay. Tako Man saw them. Skinny blue-gray guys. He called them nightwalkers. I think aliens.† â€Å"Aliens are always gray, aren't they?† inquired Quinn. â€Å"That's what I say to him,† said Kona. â€Å"But he say no, not with the lightbulb head. He say they tall and froggy.† â€Å"You're high,† said Clay. â€Å"Tako Man got dank mystical buds, brah. Was a spiritual duty.† â€Å"He's not criticizing you, Kona,† Quinn explained. â€Å"We just assume that you're high. Clay's just doubting the credibility of your story.† â€Å"You don't believe I? Give a man a mask, I'll dive down and get a ting off da boat for proof.† â€Å"Hepatitis, that's what you'll bring up,† said Amy. â€Å"I'm going to work,† said Nate. â€Å"My boat,† said Clay. Nate decided that perhaps he should offer a measure of solace. â€Å"Look at the bright side, Clay. At least whales are big.† â€Å"How is that the bright side?† â€Å"We could be studying viruses. You have any idea what it costs to replace a scanning electron microscope?† â€Å"My boat,† said Clay.

Morality, Meet Brave New World Essay

â€Å"The books that the world calls immoral are books that show the world its own shame.†1 Concerning Aldous Huxley’s dystopian novel, Brave New World, readers find themselves thinking the theme of the novel is not of proper conduct and it would not take place in their current world. Brave New World follows a futuristic society, the World State, where citizens are mass-produced and conditioned to suit the ways of the government and the society as a whole. Everyone is born to fit in certain classes and they crave pleasure, order and conformity. John the Savage, the protagonist, is of strict Christian moral codes and is shocked by the government’s control over citizens and their behavior. He rejects their mentality and tries to go against it, with no avail. The citizens’ sexual freedom, conditioning, risky use of drugs, dissolution of families and manipulation of religion to accommodate the society irritates many a moral critic. â€Å"Moral education, which ought never, in any circumstances, to be rational,† is said by a director (Huxley 32). It implies that the leaders do believe in moral education. However, without God or sense, it is they who make the morals. Huxley warns readers of how technology and power in the hands of the government can cause the downfall of man. With the concept of socialist morality in mind, the World State’s power is absolute and citizens follow societal codes and morals whether they like it or not, without a fight. Babies are born and nurtured in the community for the purpose of becoming productive members of the society. Citizens are conditioned to think that everyone is equal and they are made useful for the good of the society and the government. They satisfy themselves through food, sex, clothes, drugs and other entertainment promoting fun and consumption. This ensures the State’s stability. Hypnopaedic (sleep-teaching) messages such as â€Å"Every one works for every one else. We can’t do without anyone†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 66), and â€Å"Ending is better than mending. The more stitches, the less riches†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 50) promote the part of socialism where every member of the society must work in a way that benefits the community. The second part promotes  consumerism; people must throw away old possessions and buy newer ones. The State’s ability to satisfy these desires of the people promises economic growth and affluence. Humans are just devices in this social and scientific world, manipulated and controlled by the World State for the good of the community. â€Å"Wheels must turn steadily, but cannot turn untended. There must be men to tend them, men as steady as the wheels upon their axles, sane men, obedient men, stable in contentment,† reasons Mustapha Mond, the World Controller (Huxley 44). This quote entails that this dictatorial government knows what is best for the society, not individuals, and that is why the leaders have set the moral standards. The State maintains power through technology and medical operations which allows citizens to feel so happy, they do not care about personal freedom, thoughts or choices. At the beginning, the Director says, â€Å"Bokanovsky’s Process is one of the major instruments of social stability!† (Huxley 18) The Bokanovsky’s Process is a biological version of Henry Ford’s assembly line. It is a means of churning out test tube babies, who will live and work in a predetermined society. The populace, the social castes and the mental processes of embryos are easier to control due to this process. There is also a lack of individuality with the concept of the assembly line where everyone is indistinguishable and managed by the government to maximize efficiency and profit. Individuality does not represent community to them and therefore, is not beneficial. With the World State’s control over birth, life and death of its citizens, it is able to achieve community amity. Effective people are needed for an effective society. To accomplish this task, definite stability is needed. Progress and science allows the State to create a happy and a superficial world. World Controllers, the leaders of the society, are careful with the use of science and technology. The use of soma, which clouds present reality and makes people experience happy hallucinations, ‘feelies’, hypnopaedia and conditioning machines are tools to promote social stability. It is to keep citizens busy with work and entertainment. In the novel, citizens must go through different kinds of conditioning. â€Å"All conditioning aims at that; making people like their inescapable social destiny,† (Huxley 24) says the Director of Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where test tube babies, called â€Å"bottle  babies†, are decanted. Members of the society are taught to never be unsatisfied with their jobs, which eliminates individuals going against their â €˜destinies’. In turn, stability is created. Citizens learn through slogans, rhymes and hynopaedic messages to use soma and have sex with countless members of society. The Director shouts triumphantly, â€Å"Till at last the child’s mind is these suggestions and the sum of the suggestions is the child’s mind. And not the child’s mind only. The adult’s mind too – all his life long. The mind that judges and desires and decides is made up of these suggestions. But these suggestions are our suggestions†¦suggestions from the State.† (Huxley 34) They do not realize this but individual thoughts are done away with in the novel. Humans are just followers for the governments who can’t think for themselves because they’ve been conditioned to become that way. Elimination of emotion, families, history and literature also plays a significant part in achieving stability. Mond explains to boys touring the Hatchery, â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance†¦ What with mothers and lovers, what with the prohibitions they were not conditioned to obey, what with the temptations and the lonely remorses, what with all the diseases and the endless isolating pain, what with the uncertainties and the poverty-they were forced to feel strongly. And feeling strongly and strongly, what was more, in solitude, in hopelessly individual isolation, how could they be stable?† (Huxley 43) Mond says by doing away with things such as mother, monogamy, â€Å"feeling strongly† and other things mentioned in the quote is how stability and harmony is gained in a society. This quote also shows the viewpoint of the World State that all humans must conduct themselves in one way. In the system, members must always remain happy for the sake of social stability. A recent report in Psychology Today concluded, â€Å"The most significant predictor of a person’s moral behavior may be religious commitment.†2 Huxley uses Christian morality to further illustrate the socialist morality of the plot. The religious conviction in man has been evident throughout the ages. The World State recognizes this urge and manipulates it toward the relevance of supporting and indulging society. The State in Brave New World creates a single religion for its people based on Henry Ford, his teachings and his representation of an assembly-line society than based on a Christ, his  teachings and a spiritual God with whom people may communicate by themselves. The services are government-funded and are mandatory, such as, the Solidarity Service, which is a parody and a substitution of the Christian Communion Service. The song of the service goes like this, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one, Like, drops within the Social River; Oh, make us now together run†¦Orgy-porgy gives release.† (Huxley 74) This gives readers an idea about of the control the government has on religion and sexual practices. Though trivial, it is an example of a religion the World State forms to keep citizens in line and in accord. The phrase, â€Å"Ford, we are twelve; oh, make us one†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 74) summons Ford and reinforces the lack of individuality where humans are the same as items on the assembly line. Twelve members are the same as one, without any difference. This service gives release of emotions, a human nature the World State had not been able to stop through conditioning. It is advantageous as it does not pose a threat to power and control of the State. Karl Marx is quoted to have said, â€Å"Religion is the opiate of the people.†3 He means to say that religions are organized to relieve people’s anxieties about their personal responsibilities for the unfairness in life. In the novel, it is soma that is substituted for religion. Mond refers soma as, â€Å"Christianity without tears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huxley 185) Soma allows the public to feel at ease than the sadness and guilt caused by Christianity. Their act of prayer is taking in soma and they feel fulfilled and happy. In Brave New World Revisited, Huxley states that soma is the religion of the people.4 It can be said that the citizens of the World State are very religious in adhering to moral standards organized by the government for themselves. With the caste system strict and firm, authority in the World State is not questioned nor challenged. As a group, members fear and respect the government and would never go against it. Members may feel dissatisfied with their way of living. When the Director asks Bernard, â€Å"†¦ can you show any reason why I should not now execute the judgment passed upon you?’, Bernard answers with a confident â€Å"Yes, I can.† (Huxley 121) He proceeds to present the Director his son, John. Having a son goes against all the social morals taught by the World State. Although Bernard did not act in an anarchist fashion, he took a small step towards being disrespectful to and humiliating  a man of authority. John the Savage does not like what he sees. With â€Å"O brave new world† resonating in his head, John cries out for people at the Park Lane Hospital of Dying to stop taking the soma rations. He attempts to throw out the soma through the window and asks the people to choose freedom (Huxley 168). John hadn’t been able to go against the government. Although chaos doesn’t fully place take and seeds of confusion have been planted in the society, the government is still in control. The goals of morality, as described by C.S. Lewis, are to ensure fair play and harmony between individuals, help form good people to have a good society and keep them in a good relationship with the power that is responsible for creating them. By their motto of â€Å"Community, Stability, Identity† (Huxley 18), the Brave New World achieves these goals, given through questionable methods. The State’s ability to satisfy needs and wants of the public through entertainment, work and consumption leads to stability and economic growth for society. The government’s different conditioning techniques, intentional drug use, manipulation of religion and view that everyone belongs to and works for everyone else are used to benefit society in creating useful citizens. The consequences are a loss of dignity, values and emotions – in short, a loss of humanity. This is the idea of extreme socialist morality that takes place in the book. This version of society reflects the current society’s economic values – individual happiness is the satisfaction of his or her needs and success of growth and prosperity. The social moral codes of Brave New World create a superior society where people cooperate instead of compete. Although some critics and readers may think this is accomplished through wrong conduct, this may be what our current society strives for. WORKS CITED 1. Oscar Wilde. â€Å"Oscar Wilde Quotes†. Thinkexist.com. 2006. Thinkexist.com. 2. Morality By Design. Allaboutphilosophy.org 3. Religion: An Opaite of People?† www.ancientdays.net 4. Brave New World Revisited 5. atheism.about.com Brave New World by Aldous Huxley â€Å"Moral Criticism of Brave New World.† Associated Content. News, 2007

Braving paths towards learner authonomy

Article Braving paths towards learner autonomy: make the most of your FEEL lessons! Lenore Gauchely Queerer Hartmann Autonomy is understood by many as the ability to take charge of one's own learning (HOLE, 1981). According to this definition, the autonomous learner is the one who is able to take control of and be responsible for his/her learning. This includes decommissioning: when, what, and how to learn as well as how, when, and by whom to be assessed.Developing this ability is not only a matter of personality, but also a tater of the sort of education and upbringing one has had. Working with autonomy in language teaching entails dealing with a number of constraints: pre-determined syllabus, students used to teacher- centered modes of teaching that value grades to the detriment of their learning, homework done because of marks, different levels of motivation, different learning styles, as well as different degrees of autonomy.Furthermore, the difficulties one may encounter in meas uring these degrees of autonomy must be oaken into account: students may feel like' being more autonomous on a given day rather than on another due to reasons which may not always be identifiable. Nevertheless, it is part of a teacher's Job to expose students to a variety of ways of becoming (more) autonomous, to help them discover how they learn best and how they can cope with situations which may be inevitable yet not to their liking. What sort of autonomy can be developed in FEEL classrooms?This question can only be answered if we go beyond the lassoer settings. Learning is part of life and those who are ready to learn in all situations will certainly always be one step ahead. Some students have an innate capacity for learning; some need stimulus and/or guidance to get started. Students should be aware of what they can do for their own learning, and how they can do it. The teacher's main concern is how to do that. Our responsibility towards students is so enormous that becoming a ware of this fact is of great importance. Helping Braving paths towards learner authonomy Article Braving paths towards learner autonomy: make the most of your FEEL lessons! Lenore Gauchely Queries Hartmann Autonomy is understood by many as the ability to take charge of one's own learning (HOLE, 1981). According to this definition, the autonomous learner is the one who is able to take control of and be responsible for his/her learning. This includes decommissioning: when, what, and how to learn as well as how, when, and by whom to be assessed.Developing this ability is not only a matter of personality, but also a tater of the sort of education and upbringing one has had. Working with autonomy in language teaching entails dealing with a number of constraints: pre-determined syllabus, students used to teacher- centered modes of teaching that value grades to the detriment of their learning, homework done because of marks, different levels of motivation, different learning styles, as well as different degrees of autonomy.Furthermore, the difficulties one may encounter in meas uring these degrees of autonomy must be oaken into account: students may feel like' being more autonomous on a given day rather than on another due to reasons which may not always be identifiable. Nevertheless, it is part of a teacher's Job to expose students to a variety of ways of becoming (more) autonomous, to help them discover how they learn best and how they can cope with situations which may be inevitable yet not to their liking. What sort of autonomy can be developed in FEEL classrooms?This question can only be answered if we go beyond the lassoer settings. Learning is part of life and those who are ready to learn in all situations will certainly always be one step ahead. Some students have an innate capacity for learning; some need stimulus and/or guidance to get started. Students should be aware of what they can do for their own learning, and how they can do it. The teacher's main concern is how to do that. Our responsibility towards students is so enormous that becoming a ware of this fact is of great importance.

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their Essay

Can focussing on the individual patients needs and personalising their care plans improve recovery on acute mental health wards - Essay Example Patient needs are different, and different patient require different needs depending on their condition. Therefore, individualizing patient care helps the patient b taken care of in the right manner while receiving the best health services aiming at making the patient comfortable and recover well from an illness. Even though care in the delivery of nursing services is individualized, challenges still occur in the nursing practices in developing a personalized approach to the development of care plan. Therefore, in the process of improving the nursing services rendered to mental health patients, the nurses are required to assess comprehensively and respond to the users individualized service needs and the risks identified. Through actively engaging, the service users in developing nursing care plan that encompasses social, psychological, spiritual and physical needs reduces the risks from developing (Ervin 2006, pp.126–130). Nursing care plans are central components of nursing services being delivered to the users. In making and planning care of patients, nurses should adopt the provision of individualized care that is personalized. The consumers of the services, who are the patients, need to receive a copy if the care plans after they have participated in its development. The care plan should contain the patients views and what they would wish to receive as part of their care and be encouraged to sign it (Tsirintani et al. 2001, p.10). When service users are encouraged to participate and be at the center of developing nursing care and care through the approaches of care planning promotes patients empowerment and supports them through the recovery process. The centrality of care that is individualized in planning has a vital outcome in the services being received by the personalized care treatment and support. The process involves the assessment of the patients’ needs and the planning and delivery of care

Orporate law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Orporate law - Essay Example This software is directly connected to ASIC. However if a person doesn't wish to engage in this and instead wishes to contact ASIC directly, they will need to do the following: Once the same is selected, it needs to be reserved with ASIC. This is done by completing 'Form 410' that is meant for this purpose. Once the form is completed, ASIC would reserve the name for a period of two months. Names are not indefinitely reserved and extension can be requested. Reserving a name is important because once you have decided on a name and you do not want anyone to use it and there is still some time before you can register the firm then ASIC protects your name for the period. e) The Banned and Disqualified Registers contains information about persons who have been disallowed by the government to engage in the management of a company. Some of them are banned from participating in the financial services industry completely. The registers would contain information such as person's full name, his address, the date when banning order was passed and the date when it would end. These registers are divided into four categories namely: This register contains information only about persons who have been disqualified from managing a corporation under the Corporations Act. The notices about such persons are sent to the ASIC and their names are then added to the register. However it must be carefully noted that there are other persons who are not allowed to manage a corporate because they are bankrupt or have a criminal record. The notices may not reach ASIC in these cases and thus their names do not appear on the list. Banned Securities Representatives Register This registers contains names of pre-AFS licensees. The people who hold these licenses act as authorized representatives of licensed advisers. In the case the adviser or a representative is prohibited by the ASIC for giving advice, their names will appear in this register. These people are also part of the Banned and Disqualified register but their names may not be duplicated there. Banned Futures Representatives Register: The people on this register are those who have the pre-AFS license but are not allowed to practice as advisors in future. AFS Banned/Disqualified Persons Register Any person who works in the financial services sectors needs to have AFS license or work as a representative of someone who has this license. These people are authorized dealers and their names can be found on the list of authorized advisors. However under FSR legislation, which commenced on 11 March 2002, there are

The endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in lepidoperons and anurans Essay

The endocrine regulation of metamorphosis in lepidoperons and anurans - Essay Example The order Lepidoptera is considered as being the "second largest order in the class Insecta and includes the butterflies, skippers, and moths. Members of the order are referred to as lepidopterans" (Wikipedia, 2007). This particular order has more than 180,000 species in 128 families and 47 superfamilies. Lepidopterans undergo a complete and full metamorphosis, as they go through a four-stage life cycle of egg: larva/caterpillar - pupa/chrysalis - imago/adult. When we look at the anurans, which are considered as being the most successful and diverse of the amphibians and anura is considered as being an order of animals in the class amphibian, and this includes both frogs and toads. At the present time in the world there are about 5,280 species that are considered as being in this order, and those that are living are divided into three particular suborders, which are: Archaeobatrachia, Mesobatrachia and Neobatrachia. In regards to the metamorphosis process of the anurans, the beginning is the larval stage, where it is a tadpole, and after a certain period of growth, the tadpole undergoes metamorphosis, in which the tail is lost and limbs appear.

Chinese shadow banking and how it affects other countries Essay

Chinese shadow banking and how it affects other countries - Essay Example IMF is of the opinion that shadow banking is existent around the globe, and the same practice has both practical and negative implications on the countries that choose to embrace the form of banking. China has been on the frontline to embrace the shadow banking. As seen in the research conducted by Suzuki, the improvement of shadow banking among the Chinese was set to ensure that China’s economy is transformed to an extent that the country would avoid a massive downturn (35). This aspect, as the author indicates, is linked to the fact that China’s shadow banking was linked to direct finance where the investors directly incurred the costs and risks of procuring primary securities supplied by different firms in the capital markets (Suzuki 36). The author continues to accredit the success of China’s shadow banking to the support of the political sphere (Suzuki 38). Through the political good will in China, shadow banking is said to have revolutionized China’s economy to a positive side and even placed China at a better place to compete with other countries on the regional level. The success of shadow banking as Suzuki indicates, has seen its success thanks to governments control on the chief economic resources such as the loans given by the banks (38). From the International Monetary Fund’s research, China has been rated as the fifth in regard to FSB rating (74). Going with these statistics, China has reported growth in terms of GDP with its bank credits expanding with the day. This will indeed have impacts on other countries in terms of trade with other countries such as Malaysia that has recorded an increased household debts as well as Thailand that id recording debts since 2007 (International Monetary Fund 77). From these statistics, it is almost obvious that China’s shadow banking has helped China compete strongly with other partners in the global market and even outdo some of the

US HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US HISTORY - Essay Example The north purchased raw cotton and converted it into finished goods using the cotton grin, leading to disparity between the two. As a result, substantial differences in economic attitudes were realized. Since the period of the revolution, differences emerged between those arguing that the federal government needed to have more control and those arguing for greater states’ rights (Huston 173). The thirteen states formed a rather loose confederation with quite a weak federal government. This weakness enabled the leaders to come together when problems arose and create in secrecy the U.S constitution. Most people felt that this constitution ignored the rights of states to continue being independent. This resulted to the idea of nullification, and when this never worked out they moved towards secession. Growth of the abolition movement was another cause. The northerners become more polarized against slavery in which the southern depended so much on slaves for their cheap labor. Some key events such as the publishing of Harriet Beechers Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and others held individuals responsible for harboring fugitives even if they were on non-slave states. Following the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina issued its declaration of secession and believed that Lincoln was antislavery and favored the interest of the northern people hence living the southerners out (Huston 181). The fight between slave and the non-slave state proponents took center stage, and this was the main reason for this civil war. This led to wars even in the floor of the senate when antislavery discussions were being

Literature and Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Literature and Community - Essay Example Faulkner introduces Miss Emily Grierson as a woman who has been strictly contained within the boundaries of her father’s old Southern ideals. â€Å"None of the young men were quite good enough to Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door† (437). As a result of his behavior and her confinement, the Grierson family becomes the town’s idealized image of what the Old South should be. As a result, the town insists upon Emily maintaining this role even after her father dies and she is left all alone. Miss Emily attempts to break out of this mold by dating Homer Barron and adopting more Northern ideals. â€Å"Her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows – sort of trag ic and serene† (438), but the town sees her as defying the old order of her class. Her cousins are quickly sent for (by the townspeople) to bring Miss Emily back into her ‘destined’ role. Franz Kafka’s story â€Å"Metamorphosis† centers on the character of Gregor Samsa who wakes up one morning to discover he’s been transformed into the shape of a large bug, possibly a cockroach, which reflects his position in society and the expectations they have for him. It can be argued that Gregor’s transformation is a literal indication of his feelings of separation from humanity, including the members of his own family. Despite waking up to find himself in the form of a bug, Gregor’s primary concern is to get to work so that he can still support his family as he’s been doing for five years. This is the expectation society has placed on him and he has adopted for himself. As he thinks about his condition, he realizes the level of disconnection that has already occurred between

See 'Assignment Criteria' below Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

See 'Assignment Criteria' below - Case Study Example The United Kingdom had not implemented this Directive by the required date but the Minister of Health, had issued a statement in the House of Commons to the effect that the United Kingdom's existing legislation, in respect of occupational injuries was fully compliant with this Directive. However, the legislation provides a remedy only to those employees who had been working, for the same employer for at least three years. The Health and Safety Regulations 19921 states that a business employing staff who have to work on computers for a long time, is duty bound to, first, assess and reduce risks. Some of these risks are aches and pains in the upper limbs, known as repetitive strain injury or RSI and headaches and stress. In order to mitigate the deleterious effect of this type of work, it is imperative that a correct posture has to be adopted for computer use and persons working on computers have to take regular breaks from looking at the screen. Further, it has to be ensured that workstations meet the minimum requirements, namely the provision of adjustable chairs and non-glare lighting. This also includes the general work environment issues such as congestion in the office. Commensurate with the intensity of the work, recesses from work have to be planned and implemented. During these breaks, employees should be permitted to stop using the computer. Such employers have to provide either free or reimbursable ophthalmologic tests to their employees. If special spectacles are prescribed for use while doing the job, then the employer must pay for such spectacles. In addition to this employers have to provide health and safety information and training to their employees, who should know how to use their workstations correctly.2 The EEC Treaty - Article 118a states that the Member States should pay particular attention to encouraging improvements. This is to be especially enforced in the working environment giving special emphasis to the health and safety of workers. Further, the Member States' objective should be the harmonization of conditions, with due attention being given to maintaining the improvements already made. In order to help achieve this objective the Council, acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission, in cooperation with the European Parliament and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee, should adopt, by means of directives, minimum requirements for gradual implementation, taking into consideration the conditions and technical rules obtaining in each of the Member States. The provisions adopted pursuant to this Article should not prevent any Member State from maintaining or introducing more stringent measures, which are formulated for the express purpose of p rotecting the working conditions of workers, compatible with this Treaty. Employees on fixed term contracts should be treated as favorably as permanent workers are. There are two sets of regulations required to implement the EC Fixed Term Work Directive 1999/70/EC (the Fixed-Term Employees (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2002 and the Part-time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations 2000 (Amendment) Regulations 2002). The basic idea of the new fixed term work regulations is to make it unlawful to treat a fixed-term employee less favourably than a comparable non-fixed term employee engaged in similar work

Water-soluble tissue paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Water-soluble tissue - Research Paper Example It also includes the marketing strategy of water soluble tissue paper for Qatar. Power of Buyers: The power of buyers can be described by the switching cost involved in shifting from one brand to the other. The tissue paper industry is saturated with several well established manufacturers like George Pacific, Kimberly Clark, SCA, P&G, etc which offers water soluble tissue papers (SCA, 2014). Thus it gives the customers a lot of options to choose from. Moreover due to high availability and competitive pricing it is even easier for the buyers to switch between brands. As a result the rival company goes into a price war by offering lower or discounted price in bulk to attract more customers. Thus the influencing effect of the buyers on the pricing suggests that the power of buyers is high. Power of Suppliers: The tissue paper manufacturing companies procure the raw materials like recycled paper pulp, chemicals adhesives, etc from global suppliers (Carlsson et al, 2006). Although the availability of suppliers are high in the industry, but the supply often fails to meet the market demand. The low supply of raw materials is due to low availability of recycled paper and high regulation over deforestation. Thus the overall supplier’s power is moderate. Threat of new entrant: Entering into the soluble tissue paper industry, a firm does not require high capital investment, as the cost of raw materials and other production costs are relatively low. Moreover, in the tissue paper market, the concept of water soluble tissue paper is a relatively new. Thus any new entrant will have an early mover advantage. This as a result leads to low barrier to entry in the market, which increases the threat of entry of new brands. Thus the overall threat of new entrant is high. Threat of Substitutes: A substitute product is defined as any product

Therapeutic Benefits of Play Therapy Essay Example for Free

Therapeutic Benefits of Play Therapy Essay Therapy and the therapeutic benefits Play and the therapeutic benefits Play is one of the tools that children use to learn about the world and how to interact with their surroundings. It shapes their perception and world view. It is an important part of a child’s development and learning. Through play children learn the concept of safety and its limitations. Play should be a trial and error process where the child learns from their own mistakes. Finally play is important for the development of a child’s social and behavioral skills. Play Therapy (PT). refers to structured and theoretically based approaches to child therapy. It helps a therapist develop a trusting relationship with a child in the safety of the child’s environment. Playing is used as a means of learning of the difficulties that the child faces and used as a therapeutic method to help them cope with their situation. (Lambert et al. , 2005) Freud (1909) considered play a means by which children can bring their unconscious thoughts to their consciousness. It was also considered an instrument that helps build a positive and trusting relationship with the therapist. Over the years of research and clinical studies the various therapeutic outcomes of PT have been assessed. Therapists as able to use PT as a tool to re create stressful situations. This helps release the distressing emotions that a child experiences as a result of the stressful event. When the stressful event is re created in the child’s play environment they are able to develop their own coping strategies to alleviate the distress they experience and in some cases resolve the initial issues that were associated with the event. (p. 240) Knell (1993) developed Cognitive Behavioral PT. CBPT is a combination of therapeutic PT and cognitive behavioral strategies. It helps the child develop coping strategies and an adaptive way of thinking. (p. 64) PT can have applications in other areas including school and the home environment. Regardless of the environment in which PT is applied it is vital that the child develops a trusting relationship with their therapist. It is also equally important for the therapist to believe and understand that the child can work through their own issues and come with their own coping mechanisms. It is important that the therapist does not intervene in the process of free play. It is in this free play that the child comes to release their stressful emotions. (Landreth, 2002) PT is the treatment of choice for children in most cases because through the therapeutic strategies PT helps a child develop self confidence and redefined sense of self worth. Children are able to create adaptive behavioral strategies to cope with their stress and learn how to communicate effectively with individuals in their immediate and extended surroundings. Through free play and a reenactment of the stressful event in a safe environment the child is able to conquer their fear and acquire skills that can effectively combat their negative and faulty thought patterns. PT also helps children release emotions and express themselves through the creative process and problem solving. (Taft, 1933) Effective PT requires that the therapist creates an environment that is accepting and non – judgmental. The child should feel safe and secure to recognize and reflect upon their thoughts and feelings. The stability that the counselor provides the child in PT sessions will help the child learn of their own ability to solve problems. Above all it is important that the counselors let the children progress through the session at their own individual pace, without redirecting their actions or rephrasing their conversations. These characteristics lead to healthy therapeutic outcomes and an overall reduction in their anxiety provoking situation and other distressing emotions. Landreth, 2002) Through the trusting relationship developed with the therapist the child is able to trust other individuals in their life as well as have more confidence on their own decisions. The clarity that children achieve from PT regarding their emotions and feelings together with the other advantages make PT the treatment of choice for children.

The Papa Johns Pizza Plan for India

The Papa Johns Pizza Plan for India 1. Executive Summary: Papa Johns Pizza is International well know brand in Pizza Industry and it is third largest in the world with more than 3500 outlets. As per the company Marketing director they said we are not really competing with dominos we are not in the same category. Dominos is more delivery and take always, while we offer a complete dining experience in addition to delivery and take away options. Also Papa Johns pizza is public company which having its head quarters at Louisville in USA. We had planned to open 4 outlets at the openings in India as per the target. Our target will be to first capture the pizza lovers and attract the customers of Dominos and Pizza hurt. Give people what they want. The free open market and government regulation to work in INDIA is quite helpful to what we had planned. Mix culture and good tourism industry had made to decide to take Papa Johns pizza to India. As it is major tourist attraction and well known for its hospitability. At last but not least we had some marketing strategy and plan to improve our business. We had a Potential growth in two products which has been introduced recently Pasta and Seafood Pizzas which has are just into the market. Once this gets moving then there wont be any stopping. 2. Business: 2. 1Company Overview Papa Johns International, Inc. is the third largest pizza company in the world with over 3,500 restaurants. It is a public company and traded in the NASDAQ stock market under the symbol PZZA. The headquarters located at Louisville, Kentucky, USA. It operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants in United States (Domestic Market) include dine-in and restaurant-base delivery services in worldwide international market under the Papa Johns trademark. 2.2 Products and services Papa Johns operates (own-restaurants) and franchises pizza delivery, carryout restaurants in Domestic Market (US) and dine-in or restaurant-base delivery services in worldwide international market. Papa Johns provided 4 main categories products which are: Pizzas in 8 main choices: The works, The meats, Spicy Italian, Garden Fresh, Tuscan Six Cheese, Spinach Alfredo, BBQ Chicken and Bacon and Hawaiian BBQ Chicken Side items: Breadsticks, Garlic Parmesan Breadsticks, Cheese sticks, Chicken strips, Wings, Cinnamon pie, Apple pie, Sweet Sticks and Chocolate Pastry Delights Drinks: Coca-Cola soft drink products Dipping Source and Seasonings: Garlic, Pizza, Barbeque, Ranch, Cheese, Mustard, Pepperoncini, Anchovies, Jalapeà ±o Peppers, and Banana Peppers. 2.3 Situations and Risks Currently, from the 2009 annual report, the total sale revenue for 2009 was $1.11 billion. That was Papa Johns Pizza earned 11% market share after Pizza Hut (27.5%) and Domino (16.2%) which is their main competitors including the following Little Caesars getting 8.3% share. Source: Annual Meeting of Stockholder, 2010 Source: Annual Meeting of Stockholder, 2010 According to the 2009 financial crisis in United State, Papa Johns had closed 11 restaurants in domestic market compared to the previous year growth at 103 units in 2007 and 32 units in 2008. While new 100 restaurants open in the 2009 international market and international franchise system sales increased24%. Source: Papa Johns JP Morgan Gaming, Lodging, Restaurant Leisure Management Access Forum, 2010. In year 2010, they forecast the sale growth for domestic market will be between -1% (decline) and +1% by open around 40-60 new restaurants. And the company will focus more in international market and forecast to grow around 15% to 20% by trying to open 100 120 new restaurants worldwide in year 2010. In this report, well analyze and purpose the plan to expand the market in to INDIA that aligns with Papa Johns company plan. 3. Marketing Plan 3.1 Key Objective: The key objectives of Papa Johns pizza are as follows: Localizing the Menu as per the local taste and culture. Pricing and promotion as per the price range and the local people capacity to pay. Brand building through advertisement media and local newspaper. Going places literally to promote their brand and sales. 3.2 Media Coverage: To generate sales and profit for Papa John pizza, the benefits of the company should be communicated to the customers. The international marketing campaign like web page advertising and online marketing is very much needed. Other sales can be achieved through advertisement on Television, local magazines, newspaper, radio, poster and sponsorship to various local events in the city. 3.3 Marketing Descriptions: INDIA has a large market sector in tourism and information technology as well as the other products to export to other countries. A large number of factories are in INDIA and the environmental issue is a one consideration in INDIA. The majority of population is HINDU and they have strong Hindu culture in food production and restaurants in INDIA. 3.4Target Group As the population chart presented below, we will know that INDIA has a numerous Hindu ethic group of population. We also use fours marketing mix to receive the right Product, Place, Price, and Promotion in our franchise Papas pizza in INDIA. The highest number of population age is between15 to 64 years ages that it is represented at 64.3% of whole number of population in INDIA (the World fact book, 2010). Therefore, target group of our business will be this ethic group and the population who are aged between 15 to 64 years. 3.5 Marketing strategy: As Papas franchise is Fast food business, people can save their time to cook. We provide good delivery service for our customers. They can order online or calling to order. We also give our coupon discount online and customers can download to use voucher to purchase our pizza. The promotion will be followed the season and event in INDIA. We also supply the survey online to allow customers to make comment and require about our products and service. Hence, customers decision will be depended on ages group from each person to each person and people who live there and visit there. As the high visitor, it not difficult for our Papas pizza to catch up with the fast food market in INDIA. 4 PEST ANALYSES: 4.1POLITICAL ANALYSIS: It includes the regulations and Acts issued or regularised by INDIAN government. Some examples of them are: The factories Act 1948: States that to have an adequate and safety measures, also includes the safety of health and wealth for the workers working in factories. Minimum Wages Act, 1948: To provide a minimum fixation of wages to the employees who are applicable to engaged to any kind of skill, unskilled or clerical work. This act mainly works for the rights of workers. 4.2ECONOMIC TERNDS Indian Economy is quite Intersting, well say seems to emerging economy in economic expansion with the other countries like CHINA, Russia, MEXICO, Brazil. Because of its cheap labor it is always benifited for outsourcig of work from deveolped countries with strong manufacturing and industrial work. 4.3 Social and Environmental issues: With the Modern growth of economy and countries strong old cultural, India still has some extent of its old Myths and strong religious values which somewhat affects the business. Rather say India has strong Hindu religious background but there are various religious groups such as Islam, Christianity, which makes it a complete diverse nation. As the 80% is HINDU by religious the serving of Beef or pork is treated an objectionable in Indian cultural. There are lots of festive season out of which Diwali is one of the biggest one. As the British has ruled in India for decades they have certainly acquired the British way of doing Business. But before British Mughals has ruled in India so the culture has some mixed values with the architecture related to this. India has around 28 states and main 18 regionally languages. 4.4TECHNOLOGICAL PHASE Consumer food market is efficient in terms of production as of its national productivity, investment in research and development, innovation. Financial condition prevail INDIA from furthering the technological gap and capital intensity between formal and informal sectors. Productions system through innovation, design capability and product market push in INDIA is not up to the mark to leverage exogenous knowledge as to remote growth as per the quality and cost. 5 Porter Five Forces: Power of buyers: Concentration of buyers: As especially INDIA is a diverse country and the tourism as well as population is most dominant sector as per the business concern in INDIA. So the main concentration of buyers is always on the tourist as well as the people within the country. Differentiation: Well Papa John pizza is well known for its standardization in pizza industry. They have standard size, rate and quality so there will be no differentiation in their standards. Profitability of buyers: well, the hotel industry is well known business in INDIA. So buyers have very much hard competition among themselves. Also buyers have very wide range of choice to select the product. Power of suppliers: Concentration of suppliers: As we discuss earlier INDIA is a diverse country there are many people of different culture and religion so there are various different suppliers as per the choice and requirement. Branding: Well the main industrial and economical benefit of the country is through tourism industry. So especially from different countries is more concern about the brand image while buying a product. Also, INDIA is major hub for its international market and well known brands. Power of entrants: Economies of scale: As per the GDP till year 2010 INDIA 3.57 trillion dollars. Manufacturing and services are the twin engines of the INDIA economy and accounted for 28.2% and 54.9%, respectively, of India gross domestic product in 2009. The electronics and chemicals industries lead INDIA manufacturing sector, Threats of substitutes: Quality: Quality is a substitute better? Well the industry which gives the better quality and service has longer profit. So there is an always a threat of substitutes in the INDIA especially in the hotel industry, quality is important criteria in them. 6. SWOT Analyses: Strength: Papa Johns Pizza having there their strength as the quality of fresh food they used, Customer satisfaction, Delivering pizza on time to customer and most important thing they dont have call centers to make order on phone. So the direct calls are routed to the pizza shop and there are less chances of making mistake in taking order, like it happens in Pizza hut always. Weakness: The weakness of Papa Johns pizza is that they have very limited range of pizza menu as compared to Pizza hut. Which some time divert the customer from them because people want change and new variety food. Opportunities: As per the information of INDIA, it is a multi religious nation so our opportunities will be make the traditional food Pizza for the food lover. Also pizza hut dont have any kind of these pizza as they are already there. One more thing we liked to introduce is Pasta for people. Threats: Our only threats in future are Pizza hut and other fast food chains because our main competitors are hotel industry particularly the pizza industry. So we have to compete among them with good strategic planning and service. 7. Competitor Analysis: List of major competitors and any potential competitors: Pizza Hut, Dominos KFC Mc Donald Other Fast Food Chains in INDIA. Among this major competitor Pizza Hut is our potential competitor because it is well-known pizza maker and it ready set in Pizza business in INDIA. Pizza hut has built its own website online to provide both take away and dine-in restaurant for customers to make both reservation and order. Identification and analysis of strategic group Fast food chains are main competitors in our business. Service industry is good in INDIA. There are many tourist attractions. Therefore, our major strategic group will be local restaurants and fast food chains. Size, Growth and profitability Gross of national product of INDIA is approximately $ 302.6 billion. Compare with the United States and other western countries. 8. Operations Plan: Operational plan establish the activities and budgets involved for each and every part of the organization. Operational plan generally interlink with strategic plan with the activities involved and thus the organization can able to deliver all the resources required to deliver them. The main objective of Papa Johns pizza company is they are looking to attract new franchise partners all over the world. The best example is Papa Johns Pizzas UK and Ireland expansion. There are various act ivies involved in order to implement objectives. For example they have come up with the new concept to deliver pizza by launching a delivery vehicles for this they also branded Smart Car which illustrates the snaps of fresh pizza ingredients on them. Mainly it includes freezer as well as an integrated hot-bad system which ensures that pizzas are delivered properly according to the customers requirements. The main reason behind this is, if customer orders pizza as well any drink then while delivering that product it should not be get cold or hot visa-versa. They also researched from different group of people that companys branding was one of the good indication of the product quality. According to Schnatter these improvements are nothing but process of refinement rather than any change that may be disastrous. The factors such as company culture develop a framework which contains the processes and also modeling a consistent eager to deliver better plays major factors in quality improvement standards. In one of their visionary statements not only includes business growth of this company but also growth of Papa Johns employees. Finally whole quality standards would be implemented by people only therefore they are also attracting and keeping talent. This companys fundamental based on people. In other words this company is people growing machine where team building is the vital aspect in improving quality standards. The expected outputs includes now Papa John is already the third largest pizza franchisor in the world, but they still has sights on reaching number 2 position and ultimately becoming the number 1 pizza chain in the world. The factors such as looking ahead to the next task challenge and goals give Papa John strength to achieve expected outputs. 9. Financial: 9.1 Assumption and Information: The key indicators such as stock exchange, exchange rates and interest rates, assets, import and exports manage the world economy. The country this report researches on current Papa John pizza financial condition in US. They are effectively running there pizza industry business in US and need to expand more as time grows. 9.2 Financial requirement from Papa Johns: As per the international franchise development rule of Papa John pizza the company who want to take franchise has to pay $25,000 fees for per restaurant. Out of which they have to pay $5000 at the time of agreement and rest $20,000 at the opening of the restaurant. Besides that if you want to open the sub branches they have to pay $15,000 for additional each store. 9.3Financial support and Interest rate: The interest of bank vary globally due to political stability, internal policies, government regulations etc, however the financial markets are dependence on interbank interest rates Well also according to Franchise Restaurant Development. Papa John provides assistance to Papa Johns franchisees in selecting sites, developing restaurants and evaluating the physical specifications for typical restaurants. 9.4Financial Risks: Papa john pizza needs to consider the following points before entering into INDIA such as foreign tax laws, how much restriction is made on profit which is repatriated to Papa John pizza. 10. Appendices: INDIA overview Demographic Feature: Area : 3,287,263 sq Km Population : 1,156,897,766 (July 2010 EST.) Capital : Delhi Nationality : INDIAN. Language : Hindi and 18 regional languages. Racial Groups : eclectic mixture of local religion Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist etc. Population Growth rate : 1.5407% (2010) Birth rate : 21.72 births/1000population (2009) Age structure: 0-14 years: 30.5% 15-64 years: 64.3% 65 years and over: 5.2% Median age : Total: 25.9 years. male: 25.4 years Female: 26.6 years (2010 EST.) Death rate : 7.6 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010) Infant mortality rate: total: 50.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 49.33 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 52.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 EST.) Life expectancy At birth : total population: 66.09 years male: 65.13 years Female: 67.17 years (2009 EST.) Total fertility rate : 2.65 children born/woman (2009 EST.)

Convolutional Codes Simulation Using Matlab Computer Science Essay

Convolutional Codes Simulation Using Matlab Computer Science Essay Abstract: In order to reduce the effects of random and burst errors in transmitted signal it is necessary to use error-control coding. We researched some possibilities of such coding using the MATLAB Communications Toolbox. There are two types of codes available Linear Block Codes and Convolutional Codes. In block coding the coding algorithm transforms each piece (block) of information into a code word part of which is a generated structured redundancy. Convolutional code uses an extra parameter (memory). This puts an extra constraint on the code. Convolutional codes operate on serial data, one or a few bits at a time. This paper describes basic aspects of Convolutional codes and illustrates Matlab encoding and decoding implementations. Convolutional codes are often used to improve the performance of radio and satellite links. Key words: Convolutional codes, error-control coding, radio and satellite links. 1. Introduction Convolutional codes are commonly specified by three parameters (n,k,m): n = number of output bits; k = number of input bits; m = number of memory registers. The quantity k/n called the code rate, is a measure of the efficiency of the code. Commonly k and n parameters range from 1 to 8, m from 2 to 10 and the code rate from 1/8 to 7/8 except for deep space applications where code rates as low as 1/100 or even longer have been employed. Often the manufacturers of convolutional code chips specify [1] the code by parameters (n,k,L), The quantity L is called the constraint length of the code and is defined by Constraint Length, L = k (m-1). The constraint length L represents the number of bits in the encoder memory that affect the generation of the n output bits. The constraint length L is also referred to by the capital letter K, which can be confusing with the lower case k, which represents the number of input bits. In some books K is defined as equal to product the of k and m. Often in commercial spec, the codes are specified by (r, K), where r = the code rate k/n and K is the constraint length. The constraint length K however is equal to L 1, as defined in this paper. Even though a convolutional coder accepts a fixed number of message symbols and produces a fixed number of code symbols, its computations depend not only on the current set of input symbols but on some of the previous input symbols. In general, a rate R=k/n, k  £ n, convolutional encoder input (information sequence) is a sequence of binary k-tuples, u = ..,u-1, u0, u1, u2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, where . The output (code sequence) is a sequence of binary n-tuples, v = ..,v-1, v0, v1, v2,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, where . The sequences must start at a finite (positive or negative) time and may or may not end. The relation between the information sequences and the code sequences is determined by the equation v = uG , where is the semi-infinite generator matrix, and where the sub-matrices G i , 0 £ i £ m, are binary kXn matrices. The arithmetic in v = uG is carried out over the binary field, F 2 , and the parts left blank in the generator matrix G are assumed to be filled in with zeros. The right hand side of v= uG defines a discrete-time convolution between u and , hence, the name convolutional codes [2]. As in many other situations where convolutions appear it is convenient to express the sequences in some sort of transform. In information theory and coding theory [3], [4] it is common to use the delay operator D, the D-transform. The information and code sequences becomes and They are related through the equation , where is the generator matrix. The set of polynomial matrices is a special case of the rational generator matrices. Hence, instead of having finite impulse response in the encoder, as for the polynomial case, we can allow periodically repeating infinite impulse responses. To make the formal definitions for this case it is easier to start in the D-domain. Let F 2((D)) denote the field of binary Laurent series. The element contains at most finitely many negative powers of D. similarly, let F 2[D] denote the ring of binary polynomials. A polynomial contains no negative powers of D and only finitely many positive. Given a pair of polynomials x(D), y(D)Æ’Å ½ F 2[D], where y(D) ¹0, we can obtain the element x(D)/y(D)Æ’Å ½ F 2((D)) by long division. All non-zero ratios x(D)/y(D) are invertible, so they form the field of binary rational functions, F 2(D), which is a sub-field of F 2((D)). A rate R = k/n (binary) convolutional transducer over the field of rational functions F 2(D) is a linear mapping which can be represented as v(D)=u(D)G(D), where G(D) is a k X n transfer function matrix of rank k with entries in F 2(D) and v(D) is called the code sequence corresponding to the information sequence u(D). A rate R = k/n convolutional code C over F 2 is the image set of a rate R = k/n convolutional transducer. We will only consider realizable (causal) transfer function matrices, which we call generator matrices. A transfer function matrix of a convolutional code is called a generator matrix if it is realizable (causal). It follows from the definitions that a rate R = k/n convolutional code C with the k X n generator matrix G(D) is the row space of G(D) over F((D)). Hence, it is the set of all code sequences generated by the convolutional generator matrix, G(D). A rate R = k/n convolutional encoder of a convolutional code with rate R = k/n generator matrix G(D) over F 2(D) is a realization by linear sequential circuits of G(D). 2. Convolutional encoder simulation The Convolutional Encoder block encodes a sequence of binary input vectors to produce a sequence of binary output vectors. This block can process multiple symbols at a time. If the encoder takes k input bit streams (that is, can receive 2k possible input symbols), then this blocks input vector length is L*k for some positive integer L. Similarly, if the encoder produces n output bit streams (that is, can produce 2n possible output symbols), then this blocks output vector length is L*n. The input can be a sample-based vector with L  =  1, or a frame-based column vector with any positive integer for L. For a variable in the MATLAB workspace [5], [6] that contains the trellis structure, we put its name as the Trellis structure parameter. This way is preferable because it causes Simulink [5] to spend less time updating the diagram at the beginning of each simulation, compared to the usage in the next bulleted item. For specify the encoder using its constraint length, generator polyno mials, and possibly feedback connection polynomials, we used a poly2trellis command within the Trellis structure field. For example, for an encoder with a constraint length of 7, code generator polynomials of 171 and 133 (in octal numbers), and a feedback connection of 171 (in octal), we have used the Trellis structure parameter to poly2trellis(7,[171 133],171). The encoder registers begin in the all-zeros state. We configured the encoder so that it resets its registers to the all-zeros state during the course of the simulation: The value None indicates that the encoder never resets; The value On each frame indicates that the encoder resets at the beginning of each frame, before processing the next frame of input data; The value On nonzero Rst input causes the block to have a second input port, labeled Rst. The signal at the Rst port is a scalar signal. When it is nonzero, the encoder resets before processing the data at the first input port. 3. Convolutional decoder simulation 3.1. Viterbi Decoder The Viterbi Decoder block [7], [1] decodes input symbols to produce binary output symbols. This block can process several symbols at a time for faster performance. If the convolutional code uses an alphabet of 2n possible symbols, then this blocks input vector length is L*n for some positive integer L. Similarly, if the decoded data uses an alphabet of 2k possible output symbols, then this blocks output vector length is L*k. The integer L is the number of frames that the block processes in each step. The input can be either a sample-based vector with L  =  1, or a frame-based column vector with any positive integer for L. The entries of the input vector are either bipolar, binary, or integer data, depending on the Decision type parameter: Unquantized Real numbers; Hard Decision 0, 1; Soft Decision Integers between 0 and 2k-1, where k is the Number of soft decision bits parameter, with 0 for most confident decision for logical zero and 2k-1, most confident decision for logical one. Other values represent less confident decisions. If the input signal is frame-based, then the block has three possible methods for transitioning between successive frames. The Operation mode parameter controls which method the block uses: In Continuous mode, the block saves its internal state metric at the end of each frame, for use with the next frame. Each traceback path is treated independently. In Truncated mode, the block treats each frame independently. The traceback path starts at the state with the best metric and always ends in the all-zeros state. This mode is appropriate when the corresponding Convolutional Encoder block has its Reset parameter set to On each frame. In Terminated mode, the block treats each frame independently, and the traceback path always starts and ends in the all-zeros state. This mode is appropriate when the uncoded message signal (that is, the input to the corresponding Convolutional Encoder block) has enough zeros at the end of each frame to fill all memory registers of the encoder. If the encoder has k input streams and constraint length vector constr (using the polynomial description), then enough means k*max(constr-1). In the special case when the frame-based input signal contains only one symbol, the Continuous mode is most appropriate. The Traceback depth parameter, D, influences the decoding delay. The decoding delay is the number of zero symbols that precede the first decoded symbol in the output. If the input signal is sample-based, then the decoding delay consists of D zero symbols. If the input signal is frame-based and the Operation mode parameter is set to Continuous, then the decoding delay consists of D zero symbols. If the Operation mode parameter is set to Truncated or Terminated, then there is no output delay and the Traceback depth parameter must be less than or equal to the number of symbols in each frame. If the code rate is 1/2, then a typical Traceback depth value is about five times the constraint length of the code. The reset port is usable only when the Operation mode parameter is set to Continuous. Checking the Reset input check box causes the block to have an additional input port, labeled Rst. When the Rst input is nonzero, the decoder returns to its initial state by configuring its internal memory as follows: Sets the all-zeros state metric to zero; Sets all other state metrics to the maximum value; Sets the traceback memory to zero; Using a reset port on this block is analogous to setting the Reset parameter in the Convolutional Encoder block to On nonzero Rst input. 3.2. APP Decoder The APP Decoder block [8] performs a posteriori probability (APP) decoding of a convolutional code. The input L(u) represents the sequence of log-likelihoods of encoder input bits, while the input L(c) represents the sequence of log-likelihoods of code bits. The outputs L(u) and L(c) are updated versions of these sequences, based on information about the encoder. If the convolutional code uses an alphabet of 2n possible symbols, then this blocks L(c) vectors have length Q*n for some positive integer Q. Similarly, if the decoded data uses an alphabet of 2k possible output symbols, then this blocks L(u) vectors have length Q*k. The integer Q is the number of frames that the block processes in each step. The inputs can be either: Sample-based vectors having the same dimension and orientation, with Q  =  1; Frame-based column vectors with any positive integer for Q. To define the convolutional encoder that produced the coded input, we have used the Trellis structure MATLAB parameter. We tested two ways: The name as the Trellis structure parameter, for a variable in the MATLAB workspace that contains the trellis structure. This way is preferable because it causes Simulink to spend less time updating the diagram at the beginning of each simulation, compared to the usage in the next bulleted item; For specify the encoder using its constraint length, generator polynomials, and possibly feedback connection polynomials, we used a poly2trellis command within the Trellis structure field. For example, for an encoder with a constraint length of 7, code generator polynomials of 171 and 133 (in octal numbers), and a feedback connection of 171 (in octal), we used the Trellis structure parameter to poly2trellis(7,[171 133],171. To indicate how the encoder treats the trellis at the beginning and end of each frame, its necessary to set the Termination method parameter to either Truncated or Terminated. The Truncated option indicates that the encoder resets to the all-zeros state at the beginning of each frame, while the Terminated option indicates that the encoder forces the trellis to end each frame in the all-zeros state. We can control part of the decoding algorithm using the Algorithm parameter. The True APP option implements a posteriori probability. To gain speed, both the Max* and Max options approximate expressions by other quantities. The Max option uses max{ai} as the approximation, while the Max* option uses max{ai} plus a correction term. The Max* option enables the Scaling bits parameter in the mask. This parameter is the number of bits by which the block scales the data it processes internally. We have used this parameter to avoid losing precision during the computations. It is especially appropriate for implementation uses fixed-point components. 4. Conclusions In these work we have constructed and tested in Maple convolutional encoders and decoders of various types, rates, and memories. Convolutional codes are fundamentally different from other classes of codes, in that a continuous sequence of message bits is mapped into a continuous sequence of encoder output bits. It is well-known in the literature and practice that these codes achieve a larger coding gain than that with block coding with the same complexity. The encoder operating at a rate 1/n bits/symbol, may be viewed as a finite-state machine that consists of an M-stage shift register with prescribed connections to n modulo-2 adders, and a multiplexer that serializes the outputs of the adders.

Song - What views about women are expressed in this poem? Essay

Song - What views about women are expressed in this poem? John Donne: Song A) What views about women are expressed in this poem? John Donne’s poems all express very different views about women. This poem expresses a very negative view of women, in particular that nowhere ‘lives a woman true, and fair’ – a beautiful, virtuous woman is impossible to find, and even if you did, by the time that Donne had reached her, she would have adulterated two, or maybe three other men. He believes in the certainty of female immoralism ‘yet she / will be / false.’ And the almost random promiscuity too, it will be two, or maybe three men, it’s very casual. He compares women to the sirens of the sea – mermaids, in the way the seduce you, and pull you down to the depths, suffocating you. While they are not an object of sexual desire but deception, because below the waist they have they have a slimy, scaly fishy tale. He may view himself as sort of Odysseus figure, just trying to find his image of his perfect woman on some mythical Ithaca. He continues these themes of deception further in the poem, which I shall explore in the next question B) How do language and verse form contribute to meaning in this poem In the first stanza Donne uses very commanding language, four lines out of nine begin with an imperative, and this shows his commanding, intellectual persona and his attitude towards women. In the first stanza Donne presents us fantastical images of various impossibilities which contribute meaning to his opinion of woman. The first sentence is a command: "Goe and catch a falling star," and an impossible one, for how can one catch a star? The word "falling" suggests a gradual fading away of the virtuosity of... ...tions take.’ One drop in a pond will cause rippling outwards – it continues to grow. He compares the circles to spheres of the heavens, but he says ‘they are all concentrique unto thee.’ This is a great metaphor for defining love, he feels that his lover is the centre on the heavens and outshines everything, the years passing to nothing bar ‘adde to love new heate.’ His love may increase through springtime but never abates through bad times, â€Å"No winter shall abate the springs encrease.’ Donne suggests that it cannot abate, he compares his growing love as too the infiniteness of the sky and the stars, which would have been never anything less than infinite in those times. Here we can see Donne as a simplistic adolescent, when he is in love he can never see it ending, while when he is feeling bad all women are evil and he will never go out with one again.

Population Control in China Essay -- Essayas Papers

Population Control in China â€Å"Vigilantes abduct pregnant women on the streets and haul them off, sometimes handcuffed or trussed, to abortion clinics. [Some] aborted babies cry when they are born (Steven Mosher).† This quotation shows one method how China tries to carry through its population control in a manner which is very cruel and against human rights. We, Western people, do not understand why China needs a population control and why this control has to be carried out so harshly. But why had China to control its population? From 1949 on, Mao Zedong feared war with the United States or the Soviet Union. â€Å"China’s millions [of people] were the country’s primary weapon against technologically superior enemies.† The Chinese population grew explosively, with a growth rate of more than 2% per year until 1970. Deng Xiaoping saw the problem in the population explosion and invented the one-child family in 1979. 1981 the one-child policy was introduced nationwide. This policy was effective in the cities, but in the rural areas the goal of minimizing population growth was unsuccessful. But why did the one-child policy work in cities and not in rural areas? The problem in China is the desire for having a male descendant. Every Chinese family wants to have one boy to continue their family name. In rural families the desire for sons is even higher because boys have more workforce than girls, and rural families needed the workforce for maintaining their farms. Because of the urge to have a son, many baby girls were killed or given to orphanages after they were born. In the mid 80s infanticide of girls was so high that the government loosened its one-child policy a little bit for rural families. According to the new policy, rural famili... ...ingly to the Chinese Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1999), â€Å"China will continue to enforce its effective family planning policy in the new century in order to create a favorable environment for further development.† The one-child policy will probably be carried out until 2050. Bibliography: Xiaokang, Su; Xue, Yuan. â€Å"The humanitarian and technical dilemmas of population control in China.† Journal of International Affairs, Winter 96 http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/pages/easc/curriculum/china/1995/geography/lessoon6/rl.htm http://www.pop.org/china http://www.geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa092799.htm?once=true& http://www.hhs.se/EIJS/anomaly/COneKid.htm Graham, Hutchings. Modern China; A Guide to a Century of Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,2001 Robert E., Gamer. Understanding Contemporary China. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1999 Population Control in China Essay -- Essayas Papers Population Control in China â€Å"Vigilantes abduct pregnant women on the streets and haul them off, sometimes handcuffed or trussed, to abortion clinics. [Some] aborted babies cry when they are born (Steven Mosher).† This quotation shows one method how China tries to carry through its population control in a manner which is very cruel and against human rights. We, Western people, do not understand why China needs a population control and why this control has to be carried out so harshly. But why had China to control its population? From 1949 on, Mao Zedong feared war with the United States or the Soviet Union. â€Å"China’s millions [of people] were the country’s primary weapon against technologically superior enemies.† The Chinese population grew explosively, with a growth rate of more than 2% per year until 1970. Deng Xiaoping saw the problem in the population explosion and invented the one-child family in 1979. 1981 the one-child policy was introduced nationwide. This policy was effective in the cities, but in the rural areas the goal of minimizing population growth was unsuccessful. But why did the one-child policy work in cities and not in rural areas? The problem in China is the desire for having a male descendant. Every Chinese family wants to have one boy to continue their family name. In rural families the desire for sons is even higher because boys have more workforce than girls, and rural families needed the workforce for maintaining their farms. Because of the urge to have a son, many baby girls were killed or given to orphanages after they were born. In the mid 80s infanticide of girls was so high that the government loosened its one-child policy a little bit for rural families. According to the new policy, rural famili... ...ingly to the Chinese Prime Minister Zhu Rongji (1999), â€Å"China will continue to enforce its effective family planning policy in the new century in order to create a favorable environment for further development.† The one-child policy will probably be carried out until 2050. Bibliography: Xiaokang, Su; Xue, Yuan. â€Å"The humanitarian and technical dilemmas of population control in China.† Journal of International Affairs, Winter 96 http://www.indiana.edu/~easc/pages/easc/curriculum/china/1995/geography/lessoon6/rl.htm http://www.pop.org/china http://www.geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa092799.htm?once=true& http://www.hhs.se/EIJS/anomaly/COneKid.htm Graham, Hutchings. Modern China; A Guide to a Century of Change. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,2001 Robert E., Gamer. Understanding Contemporary China. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 1999

Tourist Case Study – Monaco

Monaco is a small and ancient principality located on the southern coast of France, near the Italian border by the Mediterranean Sea. This principality has been in the hands of the ruling Grimaldi family since the thirteenth century and the Prince Rainier is the current ruler. Although it only covers one square mile (two squared kilometers), it has a current population of 34,000, where only 16% are Monegasque (native population), 16% are Italian, and 47% are French. It is known for having more police per square meter than any other country in the world and for not having to pay any income tax. It is considered by many to be Europe's most fascinating country. Today, holidaymakers are attracted to the many physical and human factors, which can be found in Monaco. Certain attractive physical features may be found. Firstly, holidaymakers seem mostly attracted to Monaco's beautiful Mediterranean climate, where the summers are warm and the winters are mild with an average of 300 sunny days a year. There are many attractive beaches, such as â€Å"Larvotto Beach† and the â€Å"Monte-Carlo Beach Club†, where the water is at a high temperatures through May till August, and where a chick crown is attracted to, as well as movie stars. Monaco also contains a huge amount of human factors which attract tourists. For any people who are interested in Museums, Monaco has a wide selection. It is extremely famous for its â€Å"Oceanographic Museum†. This being one of the best aquariums in Europe (known to have the rarest fish in the seven seas), is one the main attractions in the principality, containing a total of 90 seawater tanks which hold 4,000 fish of which there are 350 different species. Giant skeletons of oceanic mammals are also on show, as well as the use of a meteorological station and a seismological observatory. A public terrace provides a beautiful panoramic view of the Italian Riviera. For tourists looking more towards ‘collections', the â€Å"National Museum† contains doll and automata collections dating from the 17th century, as well as the â€Å"Museum of Stamps and Coins†. Other museums such as the â€Å"exhibition the prince's private collection of classic cars†, the â€Å"naval Museum†, the â€Å"wax museum of the princes of Monaco† and the â€Å"museum of Prehistoric Anthropology† may be of high curiosity for anyone interested in those particular areas. If you visit Monaco for more historic reasons, you will be sure to visit the â€Å"museum of Napoleon's souvenirs†, where Napoleon's personal knickknack such as socks, handkerchiefs, medals, uniforms and swords may be found. One of the oldest parts of Monaco is known as â€Å"Monaco-Ville†, or â€Å"the old town†. If tourists are looking to understand the history of the principality better, then that is the place to go. It is found on top of a large piece of rock and is called â€Å"the rock†. It measures a large 60 meters in height (or 200 feet). There are three main attractions which seem to dominate tourism: The royal palace, the casino, and the Grand Prix. The Palace, which sits on the â€Å"rock†, has been owned by the Grimaldi Family since the 13th Century. It has 15 rooms and the throne room can be visited. There is the changing of the guards. The â€Å"Casino†, was built by Charles Garnier, one of France's best architects of this ire. It stands on a panoramic terrace, offering one of the grandest views along the Riviera. It is a place where every tourist insists on gambling in, not because the actual Casino is any different to any other one, but because it is situated in â€Å"Monaco†. Finally, Monaco's largest success which takes place once a year in the last week of May: the Grand-Prix. It is where people from all over the world come to watch famous racecar drivers race to win. This is a huge sportive event for thousands of people and just the thought of an autograph would make anyone plan to see this. Many other sportive events take place in Monaco, which also attract locals and holidaymakers. Monaco has its very own Stadium, the â€Å"Stade Louis II†, where many huge and famous football matches are played. It is a giant sports complex where a high level of international competition takes place, encouraging tourists from all over the place to support the games. As well as this, it is possible for holidaymakers to book to watch the â€Å"Tennis Masters† and â€Å"Open tennis championship† tournaments, which are huge sporting events for the History of Tennis where some the World's best players come. Many beautiful gardens are very appealing to tourists. These include the â€Å"Princess Grace Rose Garden†, where 4,000 rose trees stand being more than 150 different varieties. On the other hand, the â€Å"Exotic Garden† is composed of 7000 varieties of succulent and remarkable specimen of cacti. Tourists are known to have had admired them for their amazing shaped and colours (as they come from Africa and Latin America). The â€Å"World Music Awards† are held in Monaco, attracting anyone with music interests or anyone who wants to try and see famous pop stars. The â€Å"Yacht show† is a huge event attracting all those tourists interested in boats. Last but not least, holidaymakers usually plan their holidays so as to leave enough time for â€Å"shopping†. There are shops such as: â€Å"Chanel, Dior, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Lanvin, Prada, Cartier, Bulgari and Fred†. It is hard to find other towns where all these sorts of shops are so close together. Tourists can take part in various activities. They can ride in the â€Å"Azur Express tourist train†, which is a guided tour around Monaco or take the â€Å"Aquavision† which is a boat trip with Underwater vision. There are also â€Å"runs† which take place from time to time where people run around Monaco. And of course, there are always parties that over 18s can take part in. Tourists bring both benefits and problems to Monaco. The prices in Monaco are extremely high and as it is a huge tourist area, when tourist come to Monaco, they spend a lot of money on the shops and restaurants, tourist sites, the casino and hotels. This gives Monaco a very high economy which enables the residents to live tax-free and to keep the people employed. People who are working there are also getting a lot of money to earn a living, they are well paid. Without the tourists coming to Monaco, the people living there would not be living in the same conditions; they would have to pay tax and to do this work extra time. The money is also going towards improving the environment and it is important for Monaco to keep up its high standards. The tourists in Monaco also cause conflicts between them and the residents. For example at the Grand-Prix, the streets where it is happening will be crowded with people, the roads will be blocked making it inaccessible for public transport for the retired. There will be huge amounts of noise, not only from the screaming crowds, but the motor-cars, where the noise can be heard almost all over the principality. This also disturbs certain schools who happen to have major exams during that week. During major football matches, there is a huge amount of traffic in Fontvielle (a neat industrial suburb) and therefore the residents nearby are not happy, also because the loudspeakers can be heard. It is no longer safe to go out during a football match as tourist take to getting drunk and starting fights with anyone who crosses their way. To manage the risk of getting hurt in a fight, police have now been sent all around Fontvielle to avoid the occurrence of fights and to arrest anyone who opposes to that rule. Now, only cars with a driving plate indicating it is from either France or Monaco is aloud to drive past the royal palace. If this rule had not been put to use, tourists would have caused traffic jams by stopping in the middle of the road in front of the Palace to take pictures. This way, they can take a nice long walk and admire the scenery properly; in more depth. Monaco is very keen on its environment and it is often the case that tourists step on the grass, though it is not allowed. To solve this, more and more signs have been put up to try and stop the destruction or the flattening of grass. In conclusion, it is clear that Monaco is a very tourist industry thanks to its good facilities and physical and human factors. Although conflicts and problems are caused, tourists also bring benefits to Monaco; they increase Monaco's economy and it is due to this, that Monaco is the principality that it is.